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Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, with early detection and appropriate treatment, the survival rate for colon cancer can be significantly improved. This comprehensive guide covers the risks, early detection methods, and treatment options for colon cancer.
Understanding Colon Cancer
What is Colon Cancer?
Colon cancer starts in the colon or rectum, parts of the digestive system also known as the large intestine. It usually begins as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of cells called polyps that form on the inside of the colon. Over time, some of these polyps can become cancerous.
Types of Colon Cancer
The majority of colon cancers are adenocarcinomas, which start in the mucus-producing glandular cells of the colon. Other less common types include:
- Carcinoid Tumors: These start in hormone-producing cells in the intestines.
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): These begin in the specialized cells in the wall of the colon.
- Lymphomas: Cancers of the immune system cells that can start in the colon.
- Sarcomas: These start in the blood vessels, muscle layers, or connective tissue of the colon.
