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Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer
Genetic Predisposition
Genetics play a significant role in ovarian cancer risk. Women with a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer are at a higher risk, particularly if they carry mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. These genetic mutations significantly increase the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer.
Age
The risk of ovarian cancer increases with age, with most cases diagnosed in women over 50. The average age at diagnosis is around 63 years old.
Reproductive History
Women who have never been pregnant or have had fewer full-term pregnancies have a higher risk of ovarian cancer. Conversely, those who have had multiple full-term pregnancies, used oral contraceptives, or breastfed may have a reduced risk.
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy, particularly estrogen alone without progesterone, has been associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Lifestyle Factors
Certain lifestyle factors, such as smoking and obesity, have been linked to an increased risk of ovarian cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight and avoiding tobacco use can help reduce this risk.
Other Risk Factors
Other factors that may contribute to an increased risk include:
- Endometriosis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Use of fertility treatments
- Early onset of menstruation or late menopause
