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Treatment Options for Ovarian Cancer
Surgery
Surgery is the primary treatment for ovarian cancer and involves the removal of as much of the tumor as possible. The extent of the surgery depends on the stage and spread of the cancer. Surgical options include:
- Total Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus.
- Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy: Removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes.
- Omentectomy: Removal of the omentum, a layer of fatty tissue in the abdomen where cancer often spreads.
- Lymph Node Dissection: Removal of nearby lymph nodes to check for cancer spread.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells and is often administered after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells. Common chemotherapy drugs for ovarian cancer include:
- Carboplatin
- Paclitaxel
- Cisplatin
Chemotherapy can be given intravenously or directly into the abdomen (intraperitoneal chemotherapy) to target cancer cells more effectively.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy involves drugs that specifically target cancer cells without affecting normal cells. These drugs work by interfering with specific molecules involved in cancer growth and progression. Common targeted therapies for ovarian cancer include:
- Bevacizumab (Avastin): Inhibits the growth of blood vessels that supply tumors.
- PARP Inhibitors: Such as olaparib, rucaparib, and niraparib, which target cancer cells with specific genetic mutations.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It is not commonly used for ovarian cancer but may be considered in certain cases, particularly if the cancer has spread to other areas of the body.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy helps the body’s immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. While it is still being researched for ovarian cancer, some clinical trials have shown promising results.
Clinical Trials
Participating in clinical trials can provide access to new and experimental treatments that are not yet widely available. Women with ovarian cancer should discuss the possibility of clinical trials with their healthcare provider to explore additional treatment options.
